RESUMO Introdução: A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) tem sido considerada um mecanismo de modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo. A diminuição da VFC pode estar associada à síndrome metabólica (SM). Objetivo: Comparar a VFC e variáveis de saúde em indivíduos com e sem SM. Métodos: Cento e dezenove participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: sem SM (SSM, n = 68) e com SM (CSM, n = 51). Foi avaliada a análise espectral da VFC em repouso, durante teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) e na recuperação em bandas de baixa frequência (LF = 0,04-0,15 Hz), alta frequência (HF = 0,15-0,4 Hz) e razão LF/HF. Adicionalmente, a frequência cardíaca (FC) de repouso (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmáx), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), glicemia, perfil lipídico, consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico) e composição corporal foram avaliados. Resultados: A FCrep e o VO2pico não apresentaram diferenças entre o CSM e o SSM (73,3 ± 9,1 vs. 70,1 ± 11,0 bpm) (26,8 ± 4,6 vs. 28,1 ± 6,6 ml.kg-1.min-1), respectivamente. A VFC foi similar entre os grupos nos diferentes momentos analisados. A glicemia (99,8 ± 22,5 vs. 87,6 ± 8,6 mg/dl) foi superior no CSM comparado ao SSM. Os valores de triglicérides (159,5 ± 68,8 vs. 89,2 ± 34,3 mg/dl) e VLDL-c (31,9 ± 13,8 vs. 17,8 ± 6,9 mg/dl) foram superiores no CSM comparado ao SSM. O HDL-c (40,7 ± 11,5 vs. 49,3 ± 9,8 mg/dl) foi menor no CSM comparado ao SSM. O IMC (33,1 ± 4,7 vs. 30,8 ± 3,8 Kg/m²) foi superior no CSM comparado ao SSM. A PAS (128,6 ± 12,9 vs. 119,5 ± 11,3 mmHg) e a PAD (77,2 ± 10,5 vs. 72,9 ± 8,1 mmHg) foram superiores no CSM comparado ao SSM, p < 0,05. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a presença de SM não é suficiente para provocar alterações nos índices de VFC em repouso, durante teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) e na recuperação quando os pacientes são comparados a indivíduos sem a doença.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered a modulation mechanism of the autonomic nervous system. The reduction of HRV may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: To compare the HRV and health variables in individuals with and without MS. Methods: One hundred and nineteen participants were divided into two groups: without MS (WOMS, n=68) and with MS (WMS, n=51). We evaluated the spectral analysis of HRV at rest, during cardiopulmo-nary exercise testing (CPET) and recovery in low frequency bands (LF = 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency (HF = 0.15-0.4 Hz) and LF/HF ratio. Resting heart rate (HRres), maximum heart rate (HRmax), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), blood glucose, lipid profile, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and body composition were also evaluated. Results: There were no differences between HRres and VO2peak between the WMS and WOMS groups (73.3±9.1 vs. 70.1±11.0 bpm), (26.8±4.6 vs. 28.1±6.6 ml.kg-1.min-1), respectively. HRV was similar between the groups at the different moments analyzed. The blood glucose levels (99.8±22.5 vs. 87.6±8.6 mg/dl) were higher in WMS compared to WOMS. Triglyceride values (159.5±68.8 vs. 89.2±34.3 mg/dl) and VLDL-c (31.9±13.8 vs. 17.8±6.9 mg/dl) were higher in WMS compared to WOMS. HDL-c (40.7±11.5 vs. 49.3±9.8 mg/dl) was lower in WMS compared to WOMS. BMI (33.1±4.7 vs. 30.8±3.8 kg/m²) was higher in WMS compared to WOMS. The SBP (128.6±12.9 vs. 119.5±11.3 mmHg) and DBP (77.2±10.5 vs. 72.9± 8.1mmHg) were higher in WMS com-pared to WOMS, p<0.05. Conclusion: The results suggest that the presence of MS is not sufficient to induce changes in HRV at rest, during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and in recovery when patients are compared to healthy individuals.

RESUMEN Introducción: La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) ha sido considerada como un mecanismo de modulación del sistema nervioso autónomo. La disminución de VFC puede estar asociada con el síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: Comparar la VFC y variables de salud en individuos con y sin SM. Métodos: Ciento diecinueve sujetos se dividieron en dos grupos: sin SM (SSM, n = 68) y con SM (CSM, n = 51). Se evaluó el análisis espectral de la VFC en reposo durante las pruebas de ejercicio cardiopulmonar (PECP) y la recuperación en banda de baja frecuencia (LF = 0,04-0,15 Hz), alta frecuencia (HF = 0,15-0,4 Hz) y la relación LF/HF. Además, se evaluaron la frecuencia cardiaca en reposo (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmáx), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD), glicemia, perfil lipídico, consumo pico de oxígeno (VO2pico) y composición corporal. Resultados: FCrep y VO2pico no mostraron diferencias entre CSM y SSM (73,3 ± 9,1 vs. 70,1 ± 11,0 bpm) (26,8 ± 4,6 vs. 28,1 ± 6,6 ml.kg-1.min-1), respectivamente. La VFC fue similar entre los grupos en diferentes momentos analizados. La glicemia (99,8 ± 22,5 vs. 87,6 ± 8,6 mg/dl) fue mayor en CSM en comparación con SSM. Los valores de triglicéridos (159,5 ± 68,8 vs. 89,2 ± 34,3 mg/dl) y VLDL-C (31,9 ± 13,8 vs. 17,8 ± 6,9 mg/dl) fueron más altos en CSM en comparación con SSM. HDL-C (40,7 ± 11,5 vs. 49,3 ± 9,8 mg/dl) fue menor en CSM en comparación con el SSM. El IMC (33,1 ± 4,7 vs. 30,8 ± 3,8 kg/m²) fue mayor en CSM en comparación con SSM. La PAS (128,6 ± 12,9 vs. 119,5 ± 11,3 mmHg) y la PAD (77,2 ± 10,5 vs. 72,9 ± 8,1 mmHg) fueron más altas en CSM en comparación con SSM, p < 0,05. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la presencia de SM no es suficiente para provocar cambios en los índices de VFC en reposo durante las pruebas de ejercicio cardiopulmonar (PECP) y en la recuperación cuando se comparan los pacientes y los individuos saludables.

Abstract In addition to dietary factors and sedentary habits, there is a relationship between obesity and psychological variables, even without a clear distinction between cause, effect, and correlation. Despite this relationship, weight-loss programs are limited to a combination of nutrition and physical education, leaving psychological intervention out of the treatment plan. Self-esteem issues, depression, and anxiety are just some of the emotional conditions related to obesity. However, there is no information in the literature about the importance of psychological counseling in a multidisciplinary program for weight-loss in adults. In this context, the main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy in groups (CBTG) combined with nutrition and physical education within a multidisciplinary approach to treat obesity. 46 individuals (7 men and 39 women) were divided into two groups: control (GC) and psychology (GP). Baseline and intervention measures were obtained prior to intervention and before the final meeting, including physical capacity tests and the administering the International Physical Activities Questionnaire (IPAQ). Both groups attended weekly lectures given by a nutritionist and two physical education professionals for 12 weeks. In addition, the GP participated in weekly sessions of CBTG for the same period. After the program, there were significant changes in body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and strength of the lower limbs in both groups. In addition to these changes, the GP also showed improvements in diastolic blood pressure and IPAQ scores, being the only one that increased its time of weekly physical activity. Thus, it was concluded that the psychological treatment might play an important role in a multidisciplinary weight-loss program.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação dos polimorfismos genéticos I/D da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) e R/X da proteína alfa-actinina 3 (ACTN3) com capacidade funcional e prevalência de quedas em mulheres no final da idade adulta e início da terceira idade. Foram genotipadas 60 mulheres e com base nestas características genéticas foram divididas em grupos e submetidas a medidas de estatura, massa corporal, testes de força de preensão manual, sentar e levantar, coordenação, alcance funcional e alcance lateral, além de responderem a um questionário sobre o nível de atividade física. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os genótipos da ECA e da ACTN3 em nenhuma variável. Porém, em relação aos polimorfismos da ACTN3, a prevalência de quedas no grupo XX foi em termos descritivos consideravelmente maior do que a do grupo RR/RX (42% versus 21% em um ano).

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) R/X genetics polymorphisms with functional capacity and fall prevalence in women in late adulthood and early old age. Sixty women were genotyped and based on these genetic characteristics they were separated in groups and submitted to measurements of height, body mass, handgrip test, chair stand test, coordination test, functional reach test and lateral reach test, besides answering a questionnaire about the level of physical activity. Results showed no statistical difference between ACE and ACTN3 genotypes in all variables. However, regarding ACTN3 polymorphisms, fall prevalence in group XX was bigger than in the RR/RX group (42% versus 21% in a year) using descriptive statistics.